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Environmental pollution and DNA methylation: carcinogenesis, clinical significance, and practical applications

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 261-274 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0406-y

摘要：

Environmental pollution is one of the main causes of human cancer. Exposures to environmental carcinogens result in genetic and epigenetic alterations which induce cell transformation. Epigenetic changes caused by environmental pollution play important roles in the development and progression of environmental pollution-related cancers. Studies on DNA methylation are among the earliest and most conducted epigenetic research linked to cancer. In this review, the roles of DNA methylation in carcinogenesis and their significance in clinical medicine were summarized, and the effects of environmental pollutants, particularly air pollutants, on DNA methylation were introduced. Furthermore, prospective applications of DNA methylation to environmental pollution detection and cancer prevention were discussed.

关键词： environmental pollution DNA methylation cancer biomarker diagnosis therapy prevention

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Nanomaterials for environmental burden reduction, waste treatment, and nonpoint source pollution control

Guobin SHAN , Rajeshwar D. TYAGI , Rao Y. SURAMPALLI , Tian C. ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 249-264 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0029-0

摘要： Nanomaterials are applicable in the areas of reduction of environmental burden, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes, and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control. First, environmental burden reduction involves green process and engineering, emissions control, desulfurization/denitrification of nonrenewable energy sources, and improvement of agriculture and food systems. Second, reduction/treatment of industrial and agricultural wastes involves converting wastes into products, groundwater remediation, adsorption, delaying photocatalysis, and nanomembranes. Third, NPS pollution control involves controlling water pollution. Nanomaterials alter physical properties on a nanoscale due to their high specific surface area to volume ratio. They are used as catalysts, adsorbents, membranes, and additives to increase activity and capability due to their high specific surface areas and nano-sized effects. Thus, nanomaterials are more effective at treating environmental wastes because they reduce the amount of material needed.

关键词： nanomaterials industrial agricultural nonpoint source pollution environmental burden reduction

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Microplastics pollution and reduction strategies

Wei-Min Wu,Jun Yang,Craig S. Criddle

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0897-7

摘要： Microplastic particles smaller than 5 mm in size are of increasing concern, especially in aquatic environments, such as the ocean. Primary source is microbeads (<1 mm) used in cosmetics and cleaning agents and fiber fragments from washing of clothes, and secondary source such as broken down plastic litter and debris. These particles are mostly made from polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyesters. They are ingested by diverse marine fauna, including zooplanktons, mussel, oyster, shrimp, fish etc. and can enter human food chains via several pathways. Strategy for control of microplastics pollution should primarily focus on source reduction and subsequently on the development of cost-effective clean up and remediation technologies. Recent research results on biodegradation of plastics have revealed a potential for microbial biodegradation and bioremediation of plastic pollutants, such as PE, PS and PET under appropriate conditions.

关键词： microplastics plastic microbeads environmental pollution biodegradation

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有毒有害化学品环境污染及安全防治建议

魏复盛

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第9期页码 37-40

摘要：

文章简要介绍了国际上有毒有害化学品环境污染研究与安全防治的现状和趋势，同时对国内有关环境介质的污染状况作了分析。指出了这是一个国家的环境安全问题，阐述了它的重要性和紧迫性，建议组织力量进行调查研究，摸清国情，以便有针对性地制订法规标准，加强监管与防治。

关键词：有毒化学品环境污染防治建议

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Understand the local and regional contributions on air pollution from the view of human health impacts

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1382-2

摘要：

• PM_2.5-related deaths were estimated to be 227 thousand in BTH & surrounding regions.

关键词： PM_2.5 Regional transport Local emissions Health impact Environmental inequality

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China’s energy—challenges and strategies

NI Weidou

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 1-8 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0001-2

摘要： In this century, China started facing five major challenges in the energy field: energy supply, shortage of liquid fuel, environmental pollution, green house gas (GHG) emission, and energy supply in rural areas. In this paper, the Chinese energy development strategy and general technical scheme (including energy conservation, utilization of coal, alternative fuel and renewable energy) are discussed, and some key scientific problems in the fundamental research of energy are put forward.

关键词： scientific development strategy utilization technical environmental pollution

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京津冀环境综合治理措施评价研究

吴剑,许嘉钰,郝吉明

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第5期页码 99-105 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.05.006

摘要：

经过多年环境治理，京津冀地区逐步形成了针对大气污染、水污染、固体废弃物污染和生态环境破坏等环境综合治理措施。环境综合治理措施可概括为产业结构调整、能源结构调整、交通运输结构调整、土地利用结构调整和农业农村绿色转型五大类。为了区分环境综合治理措施综合效益大小，本研究采用问卷调查的方法，利用云模型评价法对环境综合效益进行了评价。结果表明，五类环境综合治理措施综合效益的大小排序依次为产业结构调整、能源结构调整、交通运输结构调整、土地利用结构调整和农业农村绿色转型，评价方法和结果为京津冀实施多重污染介质的综合治理措施的选用提供科学依据。

关键词：环境综合治理大气污染水污染固体废物处置生态环境

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我国水污染防治法综合评估研究

侯立安,徐祖信,尹海龙,张林

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第5期页码 126-136 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.015

摘要：

全面贯彻实施新修订的《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》对打好污染防治攻坚战和建设美丽中国具有重要意义。本文首先评估了水污染防治法2018 年1 月1 日施行以来取得的八个方面成效，在此基础上剖析了水污染防治法实施中存在的问题，主要体现在水环境管理体制机制、水污染执法监管、饮用水水源保护和地下水污染防治、水污染防治主要工作四个方面。对此，提出了近期亟需加强的四方面对策措施，通过以流域统筹、完善河长制考核和水环境质量改善为总抓手，在管理体系、执法能力、水源保护和污染防治四个方面形成系统性合力，深入推进工业废水达标排放、城镇管网截污治理、市政污泥资源化处理处置、农村污水低碳经济处理和农村面源污染防治，强化依法治水和科学治水。

关键词：水污染防治河长制环境管理环境标准水源保护

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珠江三角洲流域环境污染联合防治机制研究

张英民,李开明,刘爱萍

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第6期页码 71-74

摘要：

针对珠江三角洲流域河网众多，城际间联系密切，环境污染呈区域性分布的特征，提出珠江三角洲流域污染联合防治机制。对于流域环境污染防治积极推行环境污染防治联合规划、推进环境污染防治联合整治、强化流域环境污染监督管理的联合执法力度，使珠江三角洲地区的环境污染状况得到有效扼制。

关键词：珠江三角洲流域环境污染联合防治机制

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重大环境污染事故风险模糊排序方法研究

熊德琪,陈钢,李琼

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第8期页码 46-50

摘要：

根据工厂重大环境污染事故风险评价呈多指标多层次结构，且风险性排序具有相对性和模糊性的特点，运用模糊集理论中的权距离和隶属度概念，并将最小二乘法加以拓展，提出能够有效解决此类多指标多层次排序或优选问题的模糊排序方法。用于对大连市4家重点工厂的事故风险性进行评价和排序，评价结果合理、准确。

关键词：污染事故风险排序评价模糊

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The abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis

Junhua LI, Hong HE, Chun HU, Jincai ZHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 302-325 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0511-6

摘要： This review reports the research progress in the abatement of major pollutants in air and water by environmental catalysis. For air pollution control, the selective catalytic reduction of NO (SCR) by ammonia and hydrocarbons on metal oxide and zeolite catalysts are reviewed and discussed, as is the removal of Hg from flue gas by catalysis. The oxidation of Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo- and thermal- catalysis for indoor air quality improvement is reviewed. For wastewater treatment, the catalytic elimination of inorganic and organic pollutants in wastewater is presented. In addition, the mechanism for the procedure of abatement of air and water pollutants by catalysis is discussed in this review. Finally, a research orientation on environment catalysis for the treatment of air pollutants and wastewater is proposed.

关键词： air pollution control wastewater treatment DeNO_x selective catalytic reduction (SCR) Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) environmental catalysis

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Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention ponds

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1724-y

摘要： Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape.

关键词： Microplastic Environmental transport Soil pollution Stormwater Detention ponds

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SOIL NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 407-424 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022448

摘要：

● Soil nitrogen fluxes and influencing factors were reviewed in the subtropical hilly regions.

关键词： nitrogen cycling soil nitrogen nitrogen deposition greenhouse gases emission non-point source pollution nitrogen use efficiency

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Impacts of de-icing salt pollution on urban road greenspace: a case study of Beijing

Zhouyuan LI,Yingmei LIANG,Junhui ZHOU,Xiao SUN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第5期页码 747-756 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0644-2

摘要： De-icing salt contamination of urban soil and greenspace has been a common issue of concern in many countries for years. In the 2009/2010 winter, Beijing experienced a contamination accident resulting from the overuse of de-icing salt, reported as almost 30000 tons, which severely damaged urban vegetation alongside roadways. The methods of sampling and rating for both soil contamination and response of the plant populations were developed to rapidly assess this emergency environmental event. Results showed that the shrubs were more severely damaged than the arbors in terms of both degree and extent, as almost all of the surveyed shrubs were severely damaged from the salt contamination, while only about 1/4 of the recorded arbors were rated as “severely injured” according to the integral plant injury index. The rating of the injury level showed that the trees like a, , and the shrubs like , showed less tolerance to de-icing salt pollution. The patterns of vegetation damage demonstrated that the ever-green shrubs alongside roads and the deciduous arbors in the center of roads were most vulnerable to the salt damage.

关键词： de-icing salt environmental impact assessment urban ecology greenspace

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我国废弃塑料污染防治战略研究

王琪,瞿金平,石碧,陈宁,聂敏,杨双桥

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第1期页码 160-166 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.01.020

摘要：

废弃塑料污染防治是国家战略的重要组成部分。本文全面深入分析我国废弃塑料的来源、回收利用及回收利用技术的现状。在塑料全生命周期评价基础上，提出了我国塑料污染防治全链条解决方案：在技术层面，必须从塑料合成、加工、应用和处理等各环节全方位全链条防治废弃塑料污染，包括塑料制品源头减量，塑料原料及替代产品的开发，塑料制品循环利用的设计，高性能长服役期塑料制品的加工，废弃塑料清洁高效规模化回收利用，终极塑料垃圾的安全处理等；在政府层面，建议加强政府政策引导，落实行政监管；在企业层面，建立有效回收机制，明确生产者、经营者、消费者的回收责任，为废弃塑料污染防治提供政策及技术建议；在公众层面，提高公民环保意识，全民参与治理。采用上述提出的我国塑料污染防治全链条解决方案，可以促进我国塑料工业和国民经济绿色可持续发展。

关键词：废弃塑料环境污染防治措施回收利用全链条治理